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Lagi artikel mengenai ENDOMETRIOSIS
What is Endometriosis?
Endometriosis
occurs when tissue normally found inside the uterus grows in other
parts of the body. It may attach to the ovaries, fallopian tubes, the
exterior of the uterus, the bowel, or other internal structures. As
hormones change during the menstrual cycle, this tissue breaks down and
may cause painful adhesions, or scar tissue. More than 5.5 million
American women have symptoms of endometriosis.
Endometriosis Symptoms
Pain
just before, during, or after menstruation is the most common symptom
of endometriosis. For some women, this pain may be disabling and may
occur during or after sex, or during bowel movements or urination. It
sometimes causes chronic pain in the pelvis and lower back. However,
many women with endometriosis have mild or no symptoms. The symptoms may
be related to the location of the growths.
Just Cramps or Endometriosis?
Most women have some mild pain with their menstrual periods. They may
get relief from over-the-counter pain medications. If your pain lasts
more than two days, keeps you from doing normal activities, or remains
after your period is over, you should consult your doctor. Endometriosis
also may cause pain in the lower back.
Endometriosis and Teens
Endometriosis
pain can begin with the first menstrual period. If your menstrual pain
is strong enough to interfere with activities, you should consult your
physician. The first step may be tracking the symptoms and taking pain
medication, but ultimately the treatment options for teens are the same
as for adults.
Endometriosis and Infertility
Sometimes
the first -- or only -- sign of endometriosis is trouble getting
pregnant. Infertility affects about a third of women with the condition,
for reasons that are not yet well understood. Scarring may be to blame.
The good news is that medical treatments are effective to overcome
infertility -- and pregnancy itself can relieve some symptoms of
endometriosis.
Endometriosis or Fibroids?
Endometriosis
is one cause of severe menstrual pain. But the pain can be caused by
another condition, such as fibroids, which are noncancerous growths of
the muscle tissue of the uterus. Fibroids can cause severe cramps and
heavier bleeding during your period. The pain of endometriosis or
fibroids can also occur at other times of the month.
What Causes Endometriosis?
Doctors
don't know why endometrial tissue grows outside of the uterus, but
there are several theories. Heredity plays a role, and some endometrial
cells may be present from birth. The cells also might migrate to the
pelvic area during menstruation, through the bloodstream, or during
surgery such as caesarian delivery. A faulty immune system may fail to
eliminate the misplaced cells.
The brown cells seen here are endometrial cells removed from an abnormal growth on an ovary.
Endometriosis: Who Is at Risk?
Endometriosis is more common in women who:
- Are in their 30s and 40s
- Have not had children
- Have periods longer than 7 days
- Have cycles shorter than 28 days
- Started their period before age 12
- Have a mother or sister who had endometriosis
Diagnosis: Tracking Symptoms
Your pattern of symptoms can help to identify endometriosis, including:
- When the pain occurs
- How bad it is
- How long it lasts
- A change or worsening of pain
- Pain that limits your activities
- Pain during intercourse, bowel movements, or urination
Diagnosis: Pelvic Exam
Your
doctor will perform a pelvic exam to check the ovaries, uterus, and
cervix for anything unusual. An exam can sometimes reveal an ovarian
cyst or internal scarring that may be due to endometriosis. The doctor
also looks for other pelvic conditions that could cause symptoms similar
to endometriosis.
Diagnosis: Pelvic Scans
Although it isn't possible to confirm endometriosis with scanning
techniques alone, your doctor may order an ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI
to help with diagnosis. These may be able to detect larger endometrial
growths or cysts. The scans use sound waves, X-rays, or magnetic fields
with radiofrequency pulses to create the images.
Diagnosis: Laparoscopy
Laparoscopy is the only sure way to determine if you have endometriosis.
A surgeon inflates the abdomen with gas through a small incision in the
navel. A laparoscope is a viewing instrument that's inserted through
the incision. The surgeon can take small pieces of tissue for
examination in a lab -- called a biopsy -- to confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment: Pain Medicine
Pain medications such as acetaminophen and nonsteroidal
anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen or naproxen often
help relieve the pain and cramping that comes with endometriosis.
However, these medicines only treat the symptoms and not the underlying
endometriosis.
Treatment: Birth Control Pills
Oral contraceptives manage your levels of estrogen and progestin, which
make your menstrual periods shorter and lighter. That often reduces the
pain of endometriosis. Your doctor may prescribe pills to be taken
continuously, with no breaks for a menstrual period, or progestin-only
therapy. Progestin-only therapy can also be given by injection.
Endometriosis symptoms may return after you stop taking the pills.
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